Transliteration

Transliteration is the conversion of text from one writing system into another, letter by letter, such as writing Russian, Arabic, or Chinese in Roman letters. It is used worldwide by libraries, mapmakers, governments, and language learners.
Standard systems include Pinyin for Chinese, Hepburn for Japanese, and ISO and Library of Congress systems for Cyrillic and many other scripts. Transliteration differs from transcription, which aims to represent pronunciation rather than spelling.