Georgia

The main language spoken in Georgia is:
Georgian - the official language, spoken by ~87.6% of the population, using its own unique alphabet.
Azeri (~6.2%) and Armenian (~3.9%) are spoken by significant minorities.
Russian is spoken by ~1.2%, and Abkhaz is the official language in the breakaway region of Abkhazia.
Georgian is the official language of Georgia nationwide.

Geography

Location: Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, in the Caucasus

Map references: Central Asia (also considered part of the Caucasus/Europe border region)

Land boundaries:
border countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkey

Geography - note: the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, occupied by Russia since the 2008 war, together hold about a fifth of Georgia's internationally recognized territory

People

Population: 3,704,500-3,941,000 (2025-2026 est.; territory under Georgian government control)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 20.6%
15-64 years: 62.7%
65 years and over: 16.7% (2024 est.)

Median age: 38.6 years (2025 est.)

Nationality:
noun/adjective: Georgian(s)

Religions: Eastern Orthodox Christian (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic Christian 2.9%, other 1.2%, none 0.5% (2014 est.)

Languages: Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, official in Abkhazia) (2014 est.)

Government

Country name:
conventional short form: Georgia
local short form: Sakartvelo

Data code: GG

Government type: semi-presidential republic

National capital: Tbilisi

Background: an ancient Orthodox Christian nation with its own unique alphabet and language; strongly oriented toward Europe and has declared EU candidacy aspirations; a five-day war with Russia in 2008 resulted in the loss of effective control over the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Economy

Economy - overview: upper-middle-income, developing economy; wine (claimed as the world's oldest wine-producing tradition), tourism, transit trade, and remittances anchor a business-friendly economy; a post-2022 influx of Russian migrants and money lifted growth sharply

GDP (purchasing power parity): $113.58 billion (2025 est.)

GDP - real growth rate: 7.5% (2025 est.)

GDP - per capita: $30,750 PPP (2025 est.)

Inflation rate: 3.6% (2025)

Unemployment rate: 12.1-13.9% (2024-2025 est.)

Labor force: 1,853,718 (2024)

Population below poverty line: 13.1% (2023)

Industries: steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine

Exports: $7.12 billion (2024)

Currency: Georgian lari (GEL)

Military

Military branches: Georgian Defense Forces (GDF): Ground Forces, Air Force, Special Operations Forces, National Guard; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Police, Border Police, Coast Guard (2025)

Military - note: the Defense Forces are focused primarily on Russia, which maintains military bases and troops in occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia; Georgia is not a NATO member but has had a relationship with the Alliance since 1992 and declared its aspiration to join in 2002